Our Faq`s
Frequently asked questions
- Operations & Services
- Logistics & Delivery
- Products & Specifications
- Compliance, Safety & Sustainability
- Ordering & Support
Operations & Services
What is the difference between mineral & ore?
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a crystalline structure and definite range of chemical formula. Ores are concentrations of minerals in rock that are high enough to be economically extracted for use.
Qualitative & quantitative chemical analysis?
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a crystalline structure and definite range of chemical formula. Ores are concentrations of minerals in rock that are high enough to be economically extracted for use.
Checkmates meant for where they are located?
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a crystalline structure and definite range of chemical formula. Ores are concentrations of minerals in rock that are high enough to be economically extracted for use.
What types of mining services exist?
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a crystalline structure and definite range of chemical formula. Ores are concentrations of minerals in rock that are high enough to be economically extracted for use.
Why is bauxite considered an ore but not a mineral?
Bauxite is a mixture of minerals containing aluminium in a form that can be extracted profitably—so it’s classified as an ore of aluminium.
Logistics & Delivery
What is a mineral?
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and structure. They are formed through geological processes. Examples include quartz, mica, and feldspar.
What is an ore?
An ore is a mineral from which a metal can be extracted economically. Not all minerals are ores, but all ores have commercial value because they contain useful metals.
What is gangue?
Gangue refers to the unwanted impurities like sand, clay, and rock present in an ore. These impurities need to be removed before extracting the metal.
What is concentration of ore?
It is the process of removing gangue from the ore to increase the percentage of metal. Methods include gravity separation, magnetic separation, froth flotation, and leaching.
What is roasting?
Roasting is heating sulphide ores in the presence of oxygen. It converts the sulphide ore into oxide and releases sulphur dioxide gas.
Products & Specifications
What is calcination?
Calcination is heating carbonate or hydrated ores in limited or no oxygen. It removes volatile impurities like CO₂ and converts the ore into oxide.
What is smelting?
Smelting involves heating the ore with a reducing agent like carbon at high temperature. It helps extract the molten metal and separates impurities as slag.
What is refining of metals?
Refining is the purification of extracted metal to remove impurities. Techniques include electrolytic refining, distillation, zone refining, and liquation.
What is an alloy?
An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, where at least one is a metal. Alloys improve properties like strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance.
What is leaching?
Leaching is a method in which ore is dissolved in a suitable chemical solution. The metal is then extracted from the solution by chemical reactions.
Compliance, Safety & Sustainability
What are metallic minerals?
Metallic minerals contain metals in raw form and usually appear shiny. Examples include hematite (iron) and chalcopyrite (copper).
What are non-metallic minerals?
Non-metallic minerals do not contain metals and are generally dull in appearance. Examples include limestone, mica, and gypsum.
What is froth flotation?
Froth flotation is a method used to concentrate sulphide ores. The ore particles attach to froth and float, while impurities sink.
What is the purpose of adding flux during smelting?
Flux combines with gangue to form slag, which is easily removable. For example, limestone is used as flux in iron extraction.
What is slag?
Slag is the waste material formed when flux reacts with gangue. It floats on molten metal because it is lighter.
Ordering & Support
What are oxide ores?
Oxide ores are ores in which the metal is combined with oxygen. Examples include hematite (Fe₂O₃) and bauxite (Al₂O₃·2H₂O).
What are sulphide ores?
Sulphide ores contain metals combined with sulphur. Examples: zinc blende (ZnS), copper pyrite (CuFeS₂).
What is electrolytic refining?
It is a refining method where impure metal acts as the anode and pure metal is deposited at the cathode. Used for copper, gold, and aluminium.
What is zone refining?
Zone refining purifies metals by moving a molten zone across the metal rod. It is used for semiconductors like silicon and germanium.
What is gravity separation?
It separates ore from gangue based on density differences. Heavy ore particles settle while lighter gangue floats.